What are Active & Passive?

 Active passive voice

A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed.

Tense	Helping Verbs For ActiveVoice	Helping Verbs For Passive Voice
Present Indefinite Tense	Verb की 1st Form	Is,am, are
Present Perfect Tense	Has/have	Has been / Have been
Present Continuous Tense	Is,am, are	Is,am, are + being
Past Indefinite Tense	Verb की 2nd form	Was/were
Past Perfect Tense	Had	Had been
Past Continuous Tense	Was/were	Was Being/were Being
Future Indefinite Tense	Will/Shall	Will Be
Future Perfect Tense	Will Have / Shall Have	Will have been

The passive sentences are as same as active tense but it refers to an object first in a sentence.

OR

Active voice means that a sentence has a subject that acts upon its verb. Passive voice means that a subject is a recipient of a verb’s action. You may have learned that the passive voice is weak and incorrect, but it isn’t that simple. When used correctly and in moderation, the passive voice is fine.

In English grammar, verbs have five properties: voice, mood, tense, person, and number; here, we are concerned with voice. The two grammatical voices are active and passive.

Rule of creating a passive sentence with root difference.

Active - SUB    +    HV    +    MV    +     OB

Passive - OB     +     HV     +     MV     +     BY     +     SUB

Active - I      +   have   +     played    +     cricket.

Passisve- Cricket   +   has   +    been   +     played    +    by    +      me.

Basic rules of passive sentences-

1- Use always 3rd form of the verb.

2- Use always "by" before the subject/doer.

3- Use object in place of subject and 

4- Use the subject in place of the object always.

5- Use a helping verb according to the object placed in a passive sentence at the beginning.

Present indefinite

Example: 

Active: I write a letter.

Formula  for passive

OB  +  HV  +  MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple): A letter is written by me.

OB  +  HV  +Not  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple Negative): A letter is not written by me.

  HV  +  OB  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative)- Is a letter written by me?

HV  +  OB  +   Not  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative Negative)- Is a letter not written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word)- When is a letter written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +   Not  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word-Negative) - When is a letter not written by me? 

Passive sentences with usual tense comparatively can be described as follows-

Past indefinite

Example:

Active: I purchased a bag.

Passive(Simple): A bag was purchased by me.

Negative: A bag was not purchased by me.

Interrogative: Was a bag purchased by me?

Negative: Was a bag not purchased by me?

QW: When was a bag purchased by me?

Negative: When was a bag not purchased by me?

Future indefinite

Example:

Active(Simple): I shall complete my homework soon.

Passive(Simple): My homework will be completed soon by me.

Negative: My homework won't be completed soon by me.

Interrogative: Will my homework be completed soon by me?

Negative: Will my homework not be completed soon by me?

QW: When will my homework be completed soon by me?

Negative: When will my homework not be compiled soon by me?

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Present Continuous

Example:

Active: I am writing a letter.

Formula  for passive

OB  +  HV  +   Being     +  MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple): A letter is being written by me.

OB  +  HV  +Not  +   Being     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple Negative): A letter is not being written by me.

  HV  +  OB  +   Being     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative)- Is a letter being written by me?

HV  +  OB  +   Not  +   Being     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative Negative)- Is a letter not being written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +   Being     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word)- When is a letter being written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +   Not  +   Being     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word-Negative) - When is a letter not being written by me? 

Passive sentences with usual tense comparatively can be described as follows-

Past Continuous

Active: I was purchasing a bag.

Passive(Simple): A bag was being purchased by me.

Negative: A bag was not being purchased by me.

Interrogative: Was a bag being purchased by me?

Negative: Was a bag not being purchased by me?

QW: When was a bag being purchased by me?

Negative: When was a bag not being purchased by me?

Future Continuous

Active(Simple): I shall be completing my homework soon.

Passive(Simple): Not applicable

Negative: 

Interrogative: 

Negative: 

QW: 

Negative: 

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Present Perfect

Example:

Active: I have written a letter.

Formula  for passive

OB  +  HV  +     BEEN     +  MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple): A letter has been written by me.

OB  +  HV  +Not  +     BEEN     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple Negative): A letter has not been written by me.

  HV  +  OB  +     BEEN     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative)- Has a letter been written by me?

HV  +  OB  +   Not  +     BEEN     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive(Interrogative Negative)- Has a letter not been written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +     BEEN     +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word)- When has a letter been written by me?

QW  +   HV  +  OB  +   Not  +   MV  +  BY  +  SUB?

Passive (Question word-Negative) - When has a letter not been written by me? 

Passive sentences with usual tense comparatively can be described as follows-

Past Perfect

Example:

Active: I had purchased a bag.

OB  +  HV  +     BEEN     +  MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple): A bag had been purchased by me.

Negative: A bag had not been purchased by me.

Interrogative: Had a bag been purchased by me?

Negative: Had a bag not been purchased by me?

QW: When had a bag been purchased by me?

Negative: When had a bag not been purchased by me?

Future Perfect

Example:

Active(Simple): I shall have completed  my homework soon.

OB  +  HV  +     BEEN     +  MV  +  BY  +  SUB

Passive(Simple): My homework will have been completed soon by me.

Negative: My homework won't have been completed soon by me.

Interrogative: Will my homework have been completed soon by me?

Negative: Will my homework not have been completed soon by me?

QW: When will my homework have been completed soon by me?

Negative: When will my homework not have been compiled soon by me?

Further important rules of Active-Passive

Passive                                                                                Active

Let .... Be, Be                                                            Future indefinite/commnad(Order/permission)

e.g. 

Let the door be opened.                                              Open the door.

Let the fan be switched on.                                        Switch on the fan.

You will be asked a question by principal.                The principal will ask you a question.

To                                                                                 Request /modal-verbs

e.g.

You are asked to work here.                                        You should work here.

you are requested to enjoy a party.                               Please enjoy the party.

To be                                                                            Infinitive/ Compulsion 

e.g.

The home has to be colored.                                        I have to color the home.

The work is to be competed in time.                                 I want to complete my wok in time.

Should be                                                                     Let(In simpel Active sense)

e.g.

The bus should be driven fast.                                    Let the bus drive fast.

Being                                                                             Gerund(Simple use)

She is being taken hospital. 

Someone is taking her to the hospital.          

Try to convert these actives to passive. Then find the correct answer below.

1. The puppy licked the bowl.
2. The insect bit the little girl.
3. The Boss played cricket.
4. Mr. Shyam teaches French.
5. Seema draws the sketch.
6. They revamped the hotel.
7. The student is studying the course.
8. Father baked the cookies on the weekend.
9. Have you completed your assignment?
10. She has mastered the subject of design.
11. Kitty ate the mouse yesterday.
12. She opened the door.
13. Shalu is washing the utensils.
14. Divya is buying a new phone.
15. Dia is planning the party.
16. Everyone likes sweets.
17. Veena threw the jacket.
18. Ram had taken the books.
19. I did not scold her.
20. The cops caught the thief.

Answer of above Active sentences

1. The bowl was licked by the puppy .
2. The little girl was bitten by the insect .
3. Cricket was played by the boss .
4. French is taught by Mr. Shyam .
5. The sketch is drawn by Seema .
6. The hotel was revamped by them .
7. The course is being studied by students .
8. The cookies were baked on the weekend by Father .
9. Has the assignment been completed by you ?
10. The subject of design has been mastered by her .
11. The mouse was eaten by the kitty yesterday .
12. The door was opened by her .
13. The utensils are being washed by Shalu .
14. A new phone is being bought by Divya .
15. Party is being planned by Dia .
16. Sweets are being liked by everyone .
17. The jacket was thrown by Veena .
18. The books had been taken by Ram .
19. She was not scolded by me .
20. The thief was caught by the cops.

1. Note: Further Continuous and Perfect Continuous in all tenses are not changed in passive used .. ... .. ......

See this story  and ind pasive sentence 

Run and Play

Lisa returns home. She cannot believe her eyes!

Her kids, Amy and Ben, are in the living room. They run around the big and expensive table and shout. This game is enjoyed by them very much.

Lisa stands and looks at them. This is what she sees and hears:

Ben is asked to wait for Amy, but he does not wait. He continues to run. So Amy's request is changed. Now Ben is asked to help Amy. Ben stops and Amy is helped. (Lisa is impressed!)

Now Lisa is invited to join them. "Yes, mummy! Come and join us!" Amy and Ben shout.

So Amy and Ben are joined by Lisa. They run and play. This game is enjoyed very much by all of them. Amy kisses Ben. Ben kisses Amy. Then Lisa is kissed, too.

Now Lisa wants to rest, so she goes into her bedroom. But there are many things on her bed. They are moved by the kids. A blanket is needed and Lisa receives it. She now sleeps in her bed. Amy and Ben are at home, so they are protected by their loving mother.

But, wait! What is that terrible mess? Oh no, the big and expensive table is smashed! Well, the table was not so protected . . .

End

Passive Assignment

Q.1 What is correct pattern to form a passive sentence in enlish grammar?

1. object +helping verb +2nd form of verb+ object 
2. Object+helping verb+ 3rd form of verb+by+ subject
3. object+ helping verb+ 1st form of verb+ by +object

Object+helping verb+ 3rd form of verb+by+ subject

Q.2 "I don't eat chapatis". find out correct passive sentence?

1. "Chapatis are not eaten by me" 
2. "chapatis is not eaten by me"
3. "Chapati not eaten by me"

"Chapatis are not eaten by me"

Q.3 "I am playing cricket". find out correct passive sengtence

1. "cricket have being played by me" 
2. "Cricket is being played by me"
3. "Cricket has being played by me"

"Cricket is being played by me"

Q.4 The story was written by me, that sentence in active voice should be?

1. I writes story 
2. I wrote story
3. I was writting the story

"I wrote story"

Q.5 The song is sung by Sweta, that sentence in active voice should be?

1. Sweta sing song 
2. Sweta sang song
3. Sweta sings song.

"Sweta sings song"

Q.6 Arun has completed his computer course, passive form of this sentence will be?

1. computer couse have been done by Arun 
2. Computer course has been did by Arun
3. computer course has been done by Arun

"computer course has been done by Arun"

Q.7 They are eating bananas, Change into passive voice?

"The bananas are being eaten by them"

Q.8 Has he done the work? passive voice of this sentence will be-

"Has the work been done by him?"

Q.9 वह मेले मे गाना गायेगा,Translate the sentence in both voices -

Active voice- He will sing song in fair. Passive voice- THe song will be sung in the fair by him.

Q.10 He plants a mango tree. change into passive voice-

A mango tree is planted by him.

Q.11 He was taken to the hospital by his friend. change into active voice-

His friends took him to the hospital.

Q.12 I have written this essay. change into passive voice-

This essay has been written by me.

Q.13 The woodcutter cuts down the tree. change into passive voice-

The tree is cut down by woodcutter.

Q.14 police caught the theif. change into passive voice-

The theif was caught by police.

Q.15 Who broke the wall painting. change into passive voice-

By whom was the wall painting broken.

Q.16 That girl will write an application. change into passive voice-

An application will be written by that girl.

Q.17 The singer was singing an old melody. change into passive voice-

An old melody was being sung by the singer.

Q.18 By whom the laptop stolen? change into active voice-

Who stole the laptop?

Q.19 The teacher has given me very tough assignment. change into passive voice-

A very tough assignment has been given to me by the teacher.

Q.20 वह आफ्ना होम्वोर्क कर चुका होगा, translate this sentence and change into passive voice -

He shall have completed his homework.( passive- His  homework shall have been completed by him.)

Q.21 The boys laughed at the poor man.

1. The poor man was laughed at by the boys  
2. The poor man were laughed by boys
3. The poor man was laughed on boys

The poor man was laughed at by boys.

Q.22 We must respect the teachers.

1. Teachers must respect by us.  
2. The teachers must be respected by all.
3. The teachers must be respected.

The teachers must be respected.

Q.23 I remember my mother taking me to grandmother'S home.

1. I remember I was taken to grandmother's home by my mother.  
2. I remember being taken to grandmother's home by my mother.
3. I remember myself being taken to grandmother's home by my mother.

I remember being taken to grandmother's home by my mother.

Q.24 Asam grows tea.

1. Tea is being grown in Asam.  
2. Tea is grown in Asam.
3. Tea grown by Asam.

Tea is grown in Asam.

Q.25 The class was cleaned.

1. The cleaner cleaned the class.  
2. I cleaned the class.
3. Someone cleaned the class.

Someone cleaned the class.

Q.26 This temple ____ in 1990 by an old man.

1. Built  
2. Was built
3. had built

Was built.

Q.27 The thieves ____ by the police.

1. have arrested  
2. Have been arrested
3. was arrested

Have been arrested

Q.28 This song ____ sung by my brother .

1. is being  
2. is been
3. is

is being

Q.29 The project ____ completed by me yesterday .

1. were being  
2. was been
3. had been

Had been

Q.30 English speaking course ____ completed by Asha .

1. were being  
2. was been
3. has been

Has been

Q.31 Children like cartoons, change into suitable passive sentence?

Cartoons are liked by children

Q.32 Ram is painting pictures.change into passive voice-

The pictures are being painted by ram.

Q.33 Did the police catch robbers, change into passive voice-

were robbers caught by the police

Q.34 They feed the deers at the zoo twice a day, change into passive voice-

The deers at the zoo are fed twice a day.

Q.35 You can do this work , change into passive voice-

This work can be done by you .

Q.36 We should obey our teachers , change into passive voice-

Our teachers should be obeyed by us.

Q.37 Would you take a glass of water? , change into passive voice-

Would a glass of water be taken by you.

Q.38 May I help you? , change into passive voice-

May you be helped by me.

Q.39 I can lift that chair , change into passive voice-

That chair can be lifted by me.

Q.40 I have to clean house, change into passive voice-

The house has to be cleaned.

Q.41 This house ____ by my father.

1. Built  
2. Was built
3. was build

Was built.

Q.42 my mother is cooking food.

1. Food is being cooked by my mother  
2. food has been cooked by my mother
3. food was being cooked by my mother

Food is being cooked by my mother.

Q.43 The students ___ for some more time.

1. are asked  
2. have asked
3. has asked

are asked.

Q.44 He took that watch.

1. That watch was taken by him  
2. That watch taken by him
3. That watch had taken by him

That watch was taken by him

Q.45 Alia was reading the Gita.

1. The Gita were being read by Alia  
2. The Gita was being read by Alia
3. The Gita was read by Alia

The Gita was being read by Alia.

Q.46 He had composed a song.

1. A song has composed by him  
2. A song had been composed by him
3. A song has been composed by him

A song had been composed by him.

Q.47 The teacher is writting on the board.

1. The board is being written by teacher  
2. On the board are being written by the teacher
3. The board is being written on by the teacher

The board is being written on by the teacher.

Q.48 They are flying a kite.

1. A kite is being flyed by them  
2. A kite is being flown by them
3. A kite is being flew by them

A kite is being flown by them.

Q.49 I should have made a cake.

1. A cake should be made  
2. A cake should have been made
3. A cake be made

A cake should have been made.

Q.50 We will be watching the match.

1. The match will be being watched by us.  
2. The match being be watched
3. The match will be watch

The match will be being watched by us.