What is verb?

 

Verb

All physical and mental actions are called verb-

Like: go, listen, do find, sleep, manage, try, div, drive, come, write, etc.

All the actions a person does all are verbs, verbs shows occurrence, or state of being / exist. almost every sentence has a verb or require a verb to complete its sence or itself.

Example:

1. She goes out to bring a cat in.
2. He all day playes here with neighbouring children.
3. Why do you want to read news paper?

A verb has different forms. You can manipulate each verb with different forms and you can use in sentences. each sentence you create withe same verb having different form will give different sense.

Like:

Ramesh goes to school.(जाता है)

Ramesh is going to school.(जा रहा है)

Ramesh has gone school.(गया है)

Ramesh went to school.(गया)

1st Form       

Go/Goes     

2nd Fom   

       Went               

3rd Form

      Gone            

ing Form

    Going

You also can understand widely 

Here, simply adding a verb makes sense.

Simpe Present

We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it's sometimes called present indefinite). Depending on the person, the simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by adding s or es to the end.

Like: Go/Goes

1. I go. 
2. You go. 
3. She goes.
4. He goes.

Simple Past
Regular past simple forms are formed by adding -ed to the infinitive of the verb. That seems easy! Yes, but there are some spelling rules. If a verb ends in -e, you add -d. some verbs are changed in different fomrs of verb. like  go is simple present and its simple past is went 

Like: Went

1. They went. 
2. He went.
3. You went.
4. We went.

Here, simply adding a verb doesn't make sense. So a helping verb is very essential before a certain form of verb/either present or past participle.

Present Participle

To form the present participle of most verbs, you simply add -ing to the root form of the verb. For example, the present participle of show is showing.

LIke: Going

1. I am going.
2. They are going.
3. You are going.
4. He is going.

Past Participle

A past participle is a word derived from a verb that can be used as an adjective, to form perfect verb tenses, and to form the passive voice. It is one of two types of participles, along with present participles.

LIke: Gone

1. I have gone
2. They have gone.
3. She has gone.
4. You had gone.
5. He eats rotten fruits.
6. I've found my stolen pen.

Here is the list of verbs with certain forms.

Note the list of verb and try to use the verbs with own practice of creating sentences.

V1 Present (Root)	V2 Past	V3 Past participle	ing-form Present Participle
Gain	Gained	Gained	Gaining
Grant	Granted	Granted	Granting
Cool	Cooled	Cooled	Cooling
Believe	Believed	Believe	Believing
Bring	Brought	Brought	Bringing
Admire	Admired	Admired	Admiring
Fail	Failed	Failed	Failing
Break	Broke	Broken	Breaking
Act	Acted	Acted	Acting
Agree	Agreed	Agreed	Agreeing
Amaze	Amazed	Amazed	Amazing
Amuse	Amused	Amused	Amusing
Appear	Appeared	Appeared	Appearing
Arrive	Arrived	Arrived	Arriving
Ask	Asked	Asked	Asking
Behave	Behaved	Behaved	Behaving
Borrow	Borrowed	Borrowed	Borrowing
Blame	Blamed	Blamed	Blaming
Belong	Belonged	Belonged	Belonging
Believe	Believed	Believed	Believing
Call	Called	Called	Calling
Cool	Cooled	Cooled	Cooling
Carry	Carried	Carried	Carrying
Cause	Caused	Caused	Causing
Clear	Cleared	Cleared	Clearing
Climb	Climbed	Climbed	Climbing
Enjoy	Enjoyed	Enjoyed	Enjoying
Explain	Explained	Explained	Explaining
Hunt	Hunted	Hunted	Hunting
Ignore	Ignored	Ignored	Ignoring
FightImprove	FoughtImproved	FoughtImproved	FightingImproving
Impress	Impressed	Impressed	Impressing
Invite	Invited	Invited	Inviting
Jog	Jogged	Jogged	Jogging
Jump	Jumped	Jumped	Jumping
Join	Joined	Joined	Joining
Knock	Knocked	Knocked	Knocking
Last	Lasted	Lasted	Lasting
Label	Labelled	Labelled	Labelling
Learn	Learned	Learned	Learning
Live	Lived	Lived	Living
Look	Looked	Looked	Looking
Love	Loved	Loved	Loving
Mark	Marked	Marked	Marking
Match	Matched	Matched	Matching
Move	Moved	Moved	Moving
Notice	Noticed	Noticed	Noticing
GrowNote	GrewNoted	GrownNoted	GrowingNoting
Enjoy	Enjoyed	Enjoyed	Enjoying
Explain	Explained	Explained	Explaining
Open	Opened	Opened	Opening
Order	Ordered	Ordered	Ordering
Offer	Offered	Offered	Offering
DrawProtect	DrewProtected	DrawnProtected	DrawingProtecting
Push	Pushed	Pushed	Pushing
Prefer	Preferred	Preferred	Preferring
Plan	Planned	Planned	planning
Play	Played	Played	Playing
ThrowProvide	ThrewProvided	ThrewProvided	ThrowingProviding
RingRepair	RangRepaired	RungRepaired	RingingRepairing
Become	Became	Become	Becoming
Flee	Fled	Fled	Fleeing
ChooseRepeat	ChoseRepeated	ChosenRepeated	ChoosingRepeating
ThinkRest	ThoughtRested	ThoughtRested	ThinkingResting
SitShare	SatShared	SatShared	SittingSharing
Save	Saved	Saved	Saving
Slow	Slowed	Slowed	Slowing
Sneeze	Sneezed	Sneezed	Sneezing
Solve	Solved	Solved	Solving
Start	Started	Started	Starting
Stop	Stopped	Stopped	Stopping

1- Transitive verbs- Those types of verbs which need one or more object to receive the action and  complete the sentence. 

e.g. 

1. Alex sent a postcard from Argentina.
2. She left the keys (direct object) on the table.
3. My father took me to the movies for my birthday.
4. Please buy  me a dog (direct object)!

2- Intransitive verbs- Intransitive verbs are those verbs which don't need any direct abject in sentence, to recieve their action , and sentence also looks complete without any direct objects.

e.g.

1. The blind cannot see.
2. Ram can neither write nor read.
3. The milk is heating.
4. Ankita is at home and now she sleeps.

 

3- Linking verbs- A linking verb is a verb that connects subject with predicate, adjective or predicate noun, etc.

Like 

the verb be and all of its forms (am, is, are, was, were, been, being)

e.g.

1. William and  his family members  were excited .
2. The moon is cool.
3. The cattle are calm naturally.
4. Your plans for the wedding sound is nice.
5. You are my favorite friend.
6. I was happy for you.

 

 

 

4- Auxiliary verbs- An auxiliary verb always used with main verb , so it can add tense, mood or modality to the main verb.

e.g.

are: be, do, have, will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, etc. I think I should study harder to master English. I am having a cup of coffee. You have been practicing hard.

1. The teachers are teaching excillent methods.
2. Don't be too smart.
3. I've done my job.
4. We have gone there yesterday.
5. It'll disturb your skills
6. You cannot go there.

Exam Purpose -

Now see a wide explaination for exam purpose.

Main Verb

The main verb is the action done by or on the subject of the verb. Action words are easy to identify. You need to ask the question ‘What is the subject doing?‘

Example:  Richa is playing badminton. Ask the question ‘What is Richa doing?’ the answer is playing- Verb.

Finite Verb & Non-Finite Verb

Finite Verb: A finite verb is limited by the subject, person, number or tense or a number. It is limited or bounded. It changes its form according to the tense. The structural form of finite V3 form: Example:

1. Ram has written a letter.
2. She gave a written statement before the judge.

Non-Finite Verb: A non-finite or infinite verb is unlimited and unbounded. It is the opposite to a finite verb.

Example:  I suspect it was him. Here suspect is limited by person and tense. I want to achieve success. Here achieve is independent of person and tense.

Difference Between Finite and Non-Finite Verb

Finite Verbs	Non-Finite Verbs
Finite verbs are the main verbs	Non-finite verbs are additional verbs
Finite verbs change according to tense	Non-finite verbs are not affected by tense.
The finite verb can only be one in a clause.	Non-finite verbs can be more than one in a clause.
Eg. We are planning to visit a happening club tonight.	Eg. We are planning to visit a happening club tonight.

Types of Non-Finite Verb

Non-Finite Verb is further classified into three

1. Gerund
2. Infinitive
3. Participle

Let’s go through them one by one.

1. Gerund

A Gerund is a non-finite verb that functions as a noun. It is formed by adding ‘ing’ with a verb. (verb -ing) A gerund can be either the subject or object of a sentence. In most cases ‘gerund’ and ‘infinitives’ are easily replaceable.

Example:  I like to swim. I like swimming. //Note that Gerund will be explained in advanced English Grammar.

Difference between Gerund and Present participle

The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle because both have the same form i.e. “verbing” but it is useful to understand the difference between the two.

• The gerund always has the same function as a noun.

Eg. Dancing is a good exercise.

• The present participle has the same function as an adjective or a connector.

Eg. Pinki plays with her dancing doll.

Rule #1: VERBS THAT TAKE GERUNDS OR INFINITIVES AS VERBAL DIRECT OBJECTS

Preposition + Gerund. The gerund is used after certain verbs/phrases that are followed by appropriate prepositions instead of “to”

Examples: 

I was prohibited from go there. (WRONG)

I was prohibited from going there. (CORRECT)

She is confident of get success. (WRONG)

She is confident of getting success. (CORRECT)

Rule #2: VERBS THAT TAKE ONLY GERUNDS AS VERBAL DIRECT OBJECTS

Direct Gerund: Direct Gerund means using Verb+ing directly after the verb without any preposition. The following phrases and certain verbs are followed by a direct gerund. ‘‘Avoid, mind, detest, can’t help, can’t bear, resist, enjoy, resent, stop, start, postpone, defer, worth, prefer, consider, practise, finish, risk, pardon, excuse, forgive, it is no good/use, miss, imagine, regret, anticipate”

Examples:

• She enjoyed to ride on the hills. (WRONG)
• She enjoyed riding on the hills. (CORRECT)
• You should avoid to be extravagant. (WRONG)
• You should avoid being extravagant. (CORRECT)
• It is no use to cry before a callous judge. (WRONG)
• It is no use crying before a callous judge. (CORRECT)

Rule #3: To + Gerund After the preposition “to” 1st form of the verb is used but in certain cases given below “Verb+ing” – Gerund is used. Note the use of gerund correctly with to.- “Be used to, accustomed to, averse to, with a view to, due to, immune to, inclined to, prior to, addicted to, devoted to, in addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, given to, taken to, disposed to, prone to”

2. Infinitive Verb

The infinitive is a kind of noun with certain features of a verb. “To” is used with the basic form of the verb to generate infinitives. (to+verb1) In English, when we talk about the infinitive we are usually referring to the present infinitive (to+verb1), which is the most common. There are, however, five other forms of the infinitive: the perfect infinitive (to have + verb3), the perfect continuous infinitive (to have been + verb + ing), the continuous infinitive (to be + verbing), the passive infinitive (to be + verb3) & the direct infinitive (verb1).

Rule #1: How + Infinitive

When Infinitive is used to express manner, method or a learning process, it is required to insert “how” before the infinitive resulting in the full structure- “How + to + verb1”

Example

i) He knows to read and write English. (WRONG)

He knows how to read and write English. (CORRECT)

ii) My father taught him to drive a car. (WRONG)

My father taught him how to drive a car. (CORRECT)

Rule #2: Difference between ‘to+verb1’ and ‘for+verbing’

1. “To+verb1” – infinitive is used to mention “purpose” whereas
2. “for+verbing”- for+gerund is used to mention “reason”.

Examples:-

Rekha was punished to come late. (WRONG)

Rekha was punished for coming late. (CORRECT)

In the above sentence “infinitive” is at its incorrect usage since Rekha was punished for the reason (coming late) and not for the purpose.

Infinitive (to+verb1)	Direct Infinitive (verb1)
Infinitive or Bare infinitive is a kind of verbal noun with certain features of a verb. ‘To’ is used with the base form of a verb. For instance: ‘to run’, ‘to eat’, ‘to sleep’.	Direct Infinitive is the infinitive without ‘to’ but has the same function as an infinitive. For instance: ‘run’, ‘eat’, ‘sleep’.

Rule #3: VERBS THAT TAKE ONLY INFINITIVES AS VERBAL DIRECT OBJECTS

Direct Infinitive (Bare infinitive) Direct Infinitive is used after the followings:-

1. Verbs- “let, bid, make, know, help, feel, hear, watch, see”
2. Phrases- “had better, had rather, would better, would rather”
3. Modals- “should, would, can, may, might, could, will, shall, must”
4. Phrases- “why, why not”
5. Structure- “have+object”

Examples:-

1. He makes me to feel happy. (use “feel” instead of “to feel”)
2. You had better left village now. (use “leave” instead of “left”)
3. People should not to play gambling. (use “play” instead of “to play”)
4. Why not to castvote against him. (use “cast” instead of “to cast”)
5. I will have him to recite the poem. (use “recite” for “to recite”)

EXCEPTION: The direct infinitive is used after “let*, bid, make, help, see, hear” if only the sentence is given in “active voice” In case the sentence is given in passive voice, Above mentioned verbs will also follow Infinitive (to+verb1)

Example:

1. I made the student write an essay. (CORRECT) (active voice)
2. The student was made to write an essay by me. (CORRECT) (passive voice)

NOTE: “let” is the only verb that is followed by the direct infinitive(verb1) both in the active and passive voice.

• He let me go. (CORRECT) (active voice)
• I was let go by him. (CORRECT) (passive voice)

Rule

3. Participle

The participle is a word that is formed from a verb and that ends in -ing (present participle) or -ed, -en, etc. (past participle). In short – Participles are “ing” or “3rd” form of Verb. They are usually of three kinds:

• Present participle (verb -ing)
• Past participle (verb3)
• Perfect participle (having+verb3)

Functions of participles are:-

1. to act as an adjective
2. to act as a connector

Rule #1: Participle as an Adjective Present participle (verbing) is used to mention the nature or habit of a noun or pronoun

Eg. Dancing doll. = A doll that dances Past participle (verb3) is used to mention the condition of a noun or pronoun. Eg. Burnt finger = A finger that is in burnt condition.

Example:

• A print press was seized by the officials. (WRONG)
• A printing press was seized by the officials. (CORRECT)

(Printing – present participle – as an adjective telling the quality or nature of the press. A press that prints)

• Seema returned disappoint. (WRONG)
• Seema returned disappointed. (CORRECT)

(disappointed- past participle – as an adjective telling about the condition of Seema that she was happy or hopeful)

Rule #2: Participle as a connector

A. Present participle (Verbing) is used to connect to clauses when there is no time gap in actions. (i.e Actions happening simultaneously).

Example – I saw a man. He was crossing the road. I saw a man crossing the road. She was studying late at night. She slept on her books. Studying late at night, she slept on her books.

B. Past participle (Verb3) is used to connect the clauses when there is no time gap and the sentence is in passive voice.

Example: Workers were dressed in black. They shouted slogans against the manager.

Dressed in black, workers shouted slogans against the manager.

I was surprised at the news. I rushed to the airport. Surprised at the news, I rushed to the airport.

C. Perfect participle (having+verb3) is used to connect clauses when there is atime gap to show.

Example: The sun rose. Farmers went to their fields. Having the sun risen, Farmers went to their fields. (after the sun had risen then the farmers went to their fields) I passed Intermediate. I got a job in jubilant foodworks. Having passed Intermediate, I got a job in jubilant foodworks. (after I had passed Intermediate, I 

Practice Problems

Q. Directions: The given sentence has been broken up into four different parts. The error, if any, will be in one or more parts of the sentence. Select the option which contains the part of the sentence which is free from an error. If all are incorrect choose Option 5 as your answer.

MGNREGA was described as a “living monument” of Congress failure in address poverty. (A)

Now the government has decided to allocate (B)

an additional ₹40,000 crore to MGNREGA. (C)

This is welcomed as it will provide a semblance of relief during distress in rural India. (D)

Ans: The correct answer is option 1 i.e. Parts B, C, and D are free from error.

• In part A of the sentence the usage of ‘address’ is wrong instead, ‘addressing’.
• Because ‘address’ is a verb, we need a noun after a preposition to make a prepositional object as addressing is a gerund that acts as a noun.

Let’s see examples for more clarity: I am tired of working here. (here ‘working’ is a gerund that is acting as a noun.) She took a deep breath and let it out before addressing her father in a determined voice. (here ‘before’ is a preposition and ‘addressing’ is a prepositional object and it is a gerund too.) So the correct sentence is: MGNREGA was described as a “living monument” of Congress failure in addressing poverty. Now the government has decided to allocate an additional ₹40,000 crore to MGNREGA. This is welcomed as it will provide a semblance of relief during distress in rural India.got a job in jubilant foodworks)

Q. Directions: The given sentence has been broken up into four different parts. The error, if any, will be in one or more parts of the sentence. Select the option which contains the part of the sentence which is free from an error. If all are incorrect choose Option 5 as your answer.

The exams were supposed to begin on March 27 (A)

but were postponed owing to the COVID-19 lockdown. Now, These exams (B)

will go on till June 12 and will begin with the Language paper. Also, (C)

Buses will be arranged to pick up and drop the students. (D)

Ans: The correct answer is option 1 i.e. parts B, C, and D are error-free.

• In part A, The usage of ‘Simple infinitive’ is wrong instead of it use ‘perfect infinitive’.
• Perfect infinitive should be used if the action expressed by the infinitive precedes the action of the finite verb.
• So according to the rule given above, Instead of using ‘to begin’ use ‘to have begun’
• Let’s see an example: She denied to have seen them yesterday.

So the correct sentence is: The exams were supposed to have begun on March 27 but were postponed owing to the COVID-19 lockdown. Now, These exams will go on till June 12 and will begin with the Language paper. Also, Buses will be arranged to pick up and drop the students.

Assessment Test 

Q.1 We.....(has paid/have paid)him the money.-

Have paid

Q.2 I.....(have baught/has bought)my sister a watch.-

Have baught

Q.3 You.....(have made/has made) your shirt dirty.-

Have made

Q.4 We.....(are waiting/is waiting) for Rohan.-

Are waiting

Q.5 .....(Shows/show) me your hand.-

Show

Q.6 These books .....(belong/belongs) to me.-

belong

Q.7 She.....(want/wants) to go.-

wants

Q.8 We.....(will like/would like) to visit the museum.-

would like

Q.9 He .....(Has finished/Have finished) talking.-

has finished

Q.10 My brother .....(Enjoy/Enjoys) playing cricket.-

Enjoys

Q.11 We .....(Find/Found) the house deserted.-

Found

Q.12 We .....(Hope/hoped) that you would succeed.-

Hoped

Q.13 She.....(Has assured/have assured) me that she is ready to help.-

Has assured

Q.14 Nobody.....(Know/Knows) when he will arrive.-

knows

Q.15 We.....(Must find out/find) where to put it.-

Must find out

Q.16 I.....(shallshow/show) you how to operate it.-

Shall show

Q.17 Jack.....(cannot/could not) decide what he should do next.-

could not

Q.18 I.....(can't/could not) imagine why she has behave like that.-

could not

Q.19 Can you.....(tell/told/tells) me where he lives?.-

tell

Q.20 The club.....(Choose/chosen) Mr. sam as the treasurer?.-

Chose

Fill in the blanks with the correct form (v1,v2,v3) of the verb given im the bracket-

Q.1 He ......(want) to become an IAS officer.

Wants

Q.2 Raju ......(go) to market yesterday.

Went

Q.3 Latta ......(weep) bitterly on her father's death.

Wept

Q.4 I have......(complete) my homework just now.

completed

Q.5 Ramya......(be) a student.

is

Q.6 Neha has......(bring) a new car.

baught

Q.7 We had......(reach) the airport by 9'O'clock.

reached

Q.8 She......(pass) her ssc in 2008.

passed

Q.9 Sita was cooking when I......(go) to the office.

went

Q.10 They had already......(arrive) when we.....(reach) there.

arrived, reached

Q.11 I will......(pass) the examination this time.

pass

Q.12 We......(be) students.

are

Q.13 It has just......(rain).

rained

Q.14 He......(draw) it very well.

drew

Q.15 They......(catch) the thieves very bravely.

caught

Q.16 She......(has) her breakfast. then she .....(leave) for the college.

had,left.

Q.17 They sometimes......(watch) movies.

watch.

Q.18 Raj......(meet) his family last year.

Met.

Q.19 Rain......(be) the important source of water.

is.

Q.20 She......(fall) asleep while she was watching TV.

Fell